Nicholas Joseph Cugnot
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Scientist of the Day - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
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Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, a French Army officer and engineer, was born Feb. 26, Tasked by the Army to develop a steam-powered vehicle for the purpose of hauling cannon, Cugnot devised a scaled-down working model in , and in , he unveiled a full-sized steam-driven vehicle, which he called a fardier à vapeur. It was modeled on a heavy army horse-cart (fardier), except that instead of having a horse at the front, there was a third wheel, which supported, in an ungainly fashion, a copper boiler and a ratchet-like linkage to drive the front wheel. The machine could reputedly move at a little over 2 miles per hour, but it needed to be refueled with wood every 15 minutes, for which the fardier had to come to a complete stop. It was also difficult to maneuver, which you can understand when you look at the placement of the boiler. After several years of trials, the Army abandoned the project. Cugnot received a generous pension from the King for his ingenuity, but he could not foresee the French Revolution, which cut off not only the King’s head,Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (February 26, – October 2, ) was a French inventor. He is believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile, though this claim is disputed by some sources (some suggest that Ferdinand Verbiest, as a member of a Jesuit mission in China, may have been the first to build a 'car' around )[1][2]
Employed by the military, his interest was to move cannon more rapidly and with greater ease. He may not have anticipated the domestic, peace time use of the automobile yet his pioneer use of high-pressure steam helped the development of one of the most widely used technologies in the contemporary world. With the exception of the aircraft, itself a by-product of automobile technology, the car has revolutionized human existence. The ability to travel with ease over great distances has knitted large nations together. Isolated rural communities now depend on the car to access services. In regions such as Europe, where within the European Union borders are open, more and more people are developing awareness of a common identity that transcends national citizenship. The ambitions of Cugnot's own employer, Napoleon Bonaparte
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot life and biography
In , Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot designed and constructed the first working self-propelled vehicle for human travel. Perhaps best described as a power tricycle about the size of a small present-day bus, it had one wheel at the front under the boiler and two-cylinder steam engine, and two wheels at the back under the freight area. Called a fardier a vapeur (steam dray), it had a top speed that was slower than walking, about two miles per hour, even without factoring in that it needed to stop times each hour to restock its water reservoir and allow the steam pressure to rebuild. A incident where the driver lost control and the cart ran into a wall is sometimes cited as the world's first automobile accident.
Cugnot's cart was intended to serve as a gun carriage for moving heavy artillery or up to four officers on the battlefield, but beyond a few prototypes it was never manufactured, due to a lack of interest by Louis XV's court. In , Cugnot's steam-powered automobile was moved to France's Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, where it has been on permanent display ever since.
Cugnot was born in Void-Vacon, Lorraine, (now departement of
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